Medium-induced gluon radiation is sensitive to both the color charge and the mass of the radiating parton. We show that nuclear modification factors of heavy-flavored mesons to light-flavored hadrons (heavy-to-light ratios) at high transverse momentum test both mentioned characteristics of radiative energy loss. First, at RHIC heavy-to-light ratios for charmed mesons with pt > 7 GeV can be safely studied in the available framework and are sensitive, in the window 7 < pt < 12 GeV, to both the color charge and the mass of the radiating parton. Second, at the LHC heavy-to-light ratios for charmed mesons with 10 < pt < 20 GeV are sensitive to the color charge of the radiating parton, while the corresponding ratios for beauty mesons are sensitive to the mass dependence of medium-induced radiation.